Scientist have discovered that the unc-16 gene of the roundworm Caenorhabditis elegans can restrict nerve fibers of the brain from clogging up. The gene codes for a gatekeeper that restricts the flow of cellular organelles from the cell body to the axon, which is used for signaling. The buildup of organelles at the axon can cause interference with neuron signaling and/or neuro degenerative disorders. The study of the unc-16 gene brings to light that the breakdown of the gatekeeper may be the underlying cause of degenerative disorders.
C.elegans is a small translucent roundworm that has only 300 neurons. The use of the roundworm as a model organism in the study was beneficial because complex genetic techniques and imaging methods are applicable due to its size and structure, unlike larger animals, where such techniques would be impossible. Ken Miller’s laboratory team at the Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation tagged organelles with fluorescent proteins and then used time-lapse imaging to follow the movements of the organelles. In normal axons, organelles exited the cell body and entered the initial part of the axon, but did not move further. In axons of the unc-16 mutants, the organelles rode on tiny motors that carried them deep into the axon, where they accumulated.
Research on simple organsims is important and even necessary. This is especially true in cases where we are unable to understand diseases and are unable to study them in larger, more complex organisms. Studies and research with a simple model organism has led to greater insight on important degenerative disorders. This research can ultimately lead to major discoveries for treatment and cures in the future.
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