Researchers develop the most comprehensive genetic map for bison and discover gene responsible for albinism

        This study published in G3: Genes, Genomes, and Genetics and led by researchers from Texas A&M School of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences (VMBS) presents the development of the most comprehensive genome to date of the North American bison which also brings it up to date with the most current genome sequencing technology. Researchers used this to produce the first genetic test for mutations in which they discovered the gene responsible for albinism. Albinism is a rare condition that is characterized by a lack of pigment in an animal’s body, making them appear white with red eyes. The research also provides the framework for determining other genetic variations that may impact important traits in bison like those that contribute to their health or their production value.
        The research team led by Dr. James Derr, a VMBS professor of veterinary pathobiology and genetics created the first bison genome in 2015 and now developed the new current reference genome. The technology used allowed the researcher to create the genome based on DNA from animals with DNA from two different species, known as hybrids. They used DNA from a rare F1 bison-cow hybrid meaning they were a perfect 50-50 split between both parents’ DNA. They first sequenced the genome of the F1 hybrid, the bison mom, and the domestic cattle father which allowed them to separate the bison DNA from the cattle DNA regions in the F1 hybrid.
        After developing the complete high-resolution reference bison genome, the researchers then worked to find the gene mutation that was responsible for albinism in bison and to create a genetic test that could identify carriers of the mutation. They did this by sequencing the DNA from albino bison and comparing them to the wild type. They found that the mutation causes an enzyme to stop functioning properly which then leads to a lack of pigment in their skin. This discovery would be the first successful determination of the gene responsible for an observable trait in bison. Albino bison differ from white or tan bison, which are a result of crossing bison with white cattle, as they don't have red eyes and a pink nose like a true albino. Unfortunately, albino bison tend to develop skin cancer and other health issues as they get older and it is not recommended to use genetic testing to produce albino bison.
        The new development of this new reference genome and the identification of the genetic mutation that causes albinism opens new opportunities and insight into the genetics of bison. This may not only help understand bison genetics but also may have broader implications for future wildlife conservation methods and management and biodiversity preservation.


Links:
https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2023/11/231120124103.htm
https://www.sci.news/genetics/north-american-bison-genome-12471.html

Genetics Testing for Cancer

 

               In this article the authors talk about how genetic testing could help an individual see what they are at risk for, diseases or cancer. Although only 5-10% of cancer is genetic, it can be found through testing. However testing can be expensive and may not 100% be accurate. Although insurance can bring it down it will not be enough. Which is why scientists and colors are currently fighting to have more funding for these tests. In my opinion I think these tests are beneficial and could potentially save lives. More funding and healthcare should be provided so these tests can be given out to more people. 

       https://www.cnbc.com/2020/10/31/genetic-testing-for-cancer-risks-here-are-the-costs.html

       https://science.sciencemag.org/content/235/4786/305.abstract

Genetics testing for athletes.

By taking a simple at genetics test, you can determine any health risks with working out and maximize your potential. The test costs about $200 dollars but can essentially save your life. The test will enable you to understand how to maximize your strength, power, and endurance. The test will also tell you  how long you need to rest after a concussion and the chances of cardiac risk factors and other potential hazards. Companies are trying to reach out to parents with children in sports. If they have their child tested they can prevent or be aware of any potential problems. There has been a known history of children and teenagers dropping dead in the middle of playing sports. This genetics test is hoping to prevent that from happening. The testing is done by a company called AI Bio Tech.



I believe it is important to be informed about how much exercise your body can handle. This allows us to gain the knowledge to work out and be healthy but also safely at the same time.