In this study, the association of the leptin gene (LEP),
leptin receptor gene (LEPR), and the peroxisome proliferator activated receptor
gamma gene (PPARG) using 11 single nucleotide polymorphisms to understand the
humoral immune response to the influenza vaccine. The most common influenza
vaccine is the trivalent inactivated influenza virus split containing two
strains of flu antigens, A and B. These antigens promote the immune system to
create protective antibodies to defend against activated influenza viruses. LEP
is a gene that produces the protein leptin and regulates energy metabolism and
immune response. Leptin is a protein hormone secreted by adipocytes. LEPR is
the receptor on the immune cells and binds with leptin, which then regulates
the proliferation and reactivity of T cells. PPARG coordinates with leptin,
which plays a role in adipocyte differentiation and inflammatory response in
protein interaction network. PPARG promotes recovery from the infection of influenza
virus. The SNPs for all these genes were genotyped and their response to
inactivated antigens were traced. The genes LEP and LEPR were the targeted
genes for observation in their response to the antigens; however, the SNPs and
immune response had no significant results. The PPARG had the most significant
genotypic distribution with immune response to the antigens of the flu vaccine.
The PPARG had a low responsiveness to the vaccine and LEPR only had low
responsiveness in males and this could possibly due to women having higher
concentrations of leptin. There were three SNPs seen in PPARG correlates with
baseline levels of immunomodulator and vitamin D and these receptors interact
with each other for the response to the influenza vaccine. The concentrations of
leptin and the way receptors utilize this protein in response to flu antigens
is the main influence of how these genes handle recovery and defense against
antigens.
https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fgene.2021.725538/full
https://www.hormone.org/your-health-and-hormones/glands-and-hormones-a-to-z/hormones/leptin
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