Sea Turtle genes could help them adapt to a changing environment.

The genetic foundations of sea turtles that enable them to thrive in oceans are something that scientists have yet to figure out. A team of researchers at the University of Massachusetts Amherst revealed surprises in the genetic map that might show us the key to how turtles will survive in our rapidly changing ocean—and why some species may not. 

The researchers used a new technique, long-read sequencing, which made it possible to sequence genomes accurately from any living species. The sea turtle genomes were sequenced, and the results were surprising. Green and Leatherback turtles have incredibly similar genomes and share a common ancestor from about 60 million years ago. The differences in their genomes were found in the micro-chromosomes and affect immunity. Green turtles evolved more genes, which were dedicated to immunity. This development is key for the longevity of the species, as they are better prepared for the changes in their oceans. The Leatherback turtles also show lower genetic diversity, which is not favorable for evolution, because, despite their resilience thus far, they may not be able to evolve with the harsh environments caused by human activity. Conservation biologists, with this knowledge, are able to make more informed decisions based on the animals at higher risk of extinction genetically.