Are Turkish People Really Turkish?

In early 2018, the country of Turkey released its ever so tightly kept population register, dating back to Ottoman times with ancestry records going back as far as 1882. Much to their surprise, the Turkish citizens found that the government emphasis on being a “pure Turk”, was not true. Many are now finding that their ancestry ranges from Kurdish descent, to western European. A lot of the Ottoman Armenian citizens were killed in forced deportation in 1915, thus destroying a lot of the gene pool in the process. For years, the Ottomans worked off the millet system, in which different racial/religious groups (Muslims, Catholics, Greek Orthodox, and Jews) could not interact and produce offspring with one another. This caused a giant drop in genetic diversity. To combat this, they put into effect a population exchange in 1923, having 1.2 million Greeks in Turkey, and 300,000 Turks in Greece causing an exchange in genes between the two countries when producing offspring.

By releasing this information and making it public, the Turkish government has ended that prior thought that the Turkish ancestry was “pure”. These public articles are not to remind the Turks that their ancestry is not pure and that their lineage is also not pure, but to remind them to embrace their new profound culture and have pride in their newly discovered gene pool that they might have.

This article was a good read. It shows how life is not as always as it seems. In the case of the Turks, it’s a good example of genetic drift and cultural diversity in how different people from different cultures interconnect to produce offspring with a high genetic diversity.

(Link to related article)

Root of Ashkenazi Family Tree

    The origin of an important Jewish population, the Ashkenazim of Central and Eastern Europe has forever been a mystery. A new genetic analysis has been configured, pointing to European women as the female founders, and the Jewish community of the early Roman empire as a source of the Ashkenazi ancestors. In previous studies it was told that the women who founded the Ashkenazi Jewish community were from the Near East, but today's findings express otherwise. A study led by Martin B. Richards of the University of Huddersfield, England, composed a genetic analysis of maternal lineages. The team analyzed the Ashkenazi lineages by decoding the mitochondrial genomes of people from Europe and the Near East. Earlier DNA studies showed that Jewish communities had been founded by men whose Y chromosomes bore DNA patterns found in the Near East. But, unlike the males, when geneticists went to examine the females, their mitochondrial DNA has no common pattern. In the smaller communities it resembled that of the surrounding population, suggesting a migration pattern in which the men arrived single, possibly as traders, and took local wives who converted them to Judaism. But this idea has not been clear as to if this is true or not of the Ashkenazim.
    A 2006 study reported that the four most common mitochondrial lineages among the Ashkenazis came from the Near East, implying that only four Jewish women made up the entire ancestry of about half of today's Ashkenazim. But at the time decoding DNA was expensive and those scientists only analyzed a short length of the DNA. However, in this New York Times article Dr. Richards was able to draw up the Ashkenazi family tree with much finer resolution and more accuracy. His trees showed that the four major Ashkenazi lineages form clusters within descent lines established in Europe between 10,000 and 20,000 years ago. In conclusion, he determined that "at least 80 percent of Ashkenazi maternal ancestry comes from women indigenous to Europe, and 8 percent from the Near East, with the rest uncertain." Richards feels that the four major lineages became incorporated into the Ashkenazi community about 2,000 years ago because at that time a large Jewish community was flourishing in Rome and included many converts. A recent analysis of whole genomes of Jewish communities was noted that almost all overlap with non-Jewish populations. Overall, Richards sees this knowledge as a possible time and place at which the four European lineages could have possibly entered the Jewish community, becoming numerous later as the Ashkenazi population in northern Europe expanded from 25,000 in 1300 A.D., to over 85,000 million in the beginning of the 20th century.

I chose this article to read because I love learning about ancestry. This discovery caught my eye and I feel that new findings in ancestry offer many answers to many questions people may ask. We want to know where we come from and the more we know the more we can express to others.

(Article): http://www.nytimes.com/2013/10/09/science/ashkenazi-origins-may-be-with-european-women-study-finds.html?_r=0


Second Link: http://blog.23andme.com/23andme-customer-stories/ashkenazi-and-me-discovering-unknown-jewish-ancestry-with-23andme/