Scientists have been studying proteins for over two centuries. There are strong tools that are used to find molecules. These tools can scan genomes to find genes that encode proteins. They can also use AI to model complex protein structures that help them do their job. Scientist have recently discovered 4,208 unknown proteins that were created by viruses like influenza and HIV. Researchers have also found new proteins in animals, plants, and bacteria.
A well-studied micro-protein called Myc- Induced Nuclear Antigen 1 (MINA) controls apoptosis and cell proliferation. Another example of a microprotein is No Body, which is involved in DNA repair and is used in genomic stability. Micro-proteins are key for functioning organisms and cells. By studying these proteins, researchers can get new insight into disease mechanisms and possibly be able to identify information for drug development.
This picture shows ribosomes through a transmission electron micrograph. Ribosomes are inside cells and are responsible for protein synthesis.
References:
A shining light on the world of the microtic ones
Shining a Light on the World of Microproteins - The New York Times
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