The Cat Ba langur (Trachypithecus poliocephalus), or the golden-headed langur, is one of the rarest species of primate globally at around ~85 animals. Despite its extremely small population, this species has many unique adaptations-- one of which is the novel ability to drink salt water.
Their unique island environment calls for unique adaptations in order to survive. Certain genes have been found to likely increase tolerance to drinking salt water. Whole-genome scans to detect selective genes within the langurs identified 30 non-synonymous mutations in 22 genes relating to sodium transport and homeostasis. Of these 30 mutations, 21 were homozygous and occurred only in T. poliocephalus. Analyzing genes found in other vertebrates that adapt to salinity had shown that T. poliocephalus had non-synonymous variants of ten of these genes.
While this preliminary study has only investigated four individuals and is not conclusive in the origins of this adaptation, researchers hope it can further emphasize the importance of protecting this critically endangered species.
https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2024/10/241028131601.htm
https://www.nature.com/articles/s41467-024-52811-7
This is so interesting! It's amazing how the Cat Ba langur has adapted to its environment in such a unique way.
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