A study by the NIH used DNA data to group dog breeds into 10 distinct genetic families, including types like retrievers, terriers, sled dogs, and scent-hounds. Researchers found that the behavior of dogs is closely linked to the function for which they were originally bred. For example, herding breeds, such as sheepdogs, tend to be more trainable because they were bred to respond to human commands while herding livestock. In contrast, scent-hounds, like Bloodhounds, are more independent and harder to train because they are focused on following scents and often ignore human cues.
The study also revealed that certain behavioral traits are tied to specific lineages. Terriers, which were bred to hunt small animals, show higher levels of aggression and a strong predatory drive. On the other hand, retrievers are known for being easier to train, with less aggression and a calmer temperament. The research also found that some behaviors, such as increased attentiveness or fearfulness, are more common in specific groups of dogs, like herding dogs, which are very alert to their environment.
One of the key discoveries was that many of the genetic traits linked to dog behavior also appear in gray wolves, suggesting that these behaviors were already present in wild wolves before dogs were domesticated. This means that early humans likely selected dogs based on pre-existing behaviors that suited their purposes, such as herding, guarding, or hunting. This genetic link between dogs and wolves provides important insights into how certain behavioral traits have been passed down through generations and how they continue to influence modern dog breeds.
Links:
https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2022/12/221208114727.htm
