Cancer usually starts with normal cells in the body that develop mutations in their DNA, which makes them grow and divide uncontrollably. DNA is usually responsible for providing instruction to cells to help them function correctly, and if there is a change in this instruction, they might begin to act in an unusual manner, leading to cancerous growths or tumors. This change in DNA might occur in various ways, such as a person inheriting a mutation from their parent or by something in their environment, such as chemicals, UV light, or tobacco smoke.
Cancer has been found to be caused by changes in genes that control cell growth and division. Some of these genes, known as oncogenes, when mutated, make cells grow faster. Other significant genes, known as tumor suppressor genes, control the uncontrolled division of cells. When these are turned off due to mutations, cells can grow uncontrollably. Changes in these kinds of genes make it easier for cancer to develop.
By understanding the genetic basis of cancer, scientists can create targeted therapies that attack cancer cells in specific ways. This means that therapies can now be created that specifically target the genetic mutations in a patient’s cancer cells, potentially making treatment more effective and side effects fewer. However, cancer can be caused by a complex mix of genetic and environmental factors, making treatment and prevention difficult.
I think that learning about the process of DNA mutations that lead to cancer is important because it highlights the connection that exists between genetics and disease. It also highlights the importance of prevention and the need for lifestyle changes such as the avoidance of smoking and the sun. Not only does genetic research help us understand cancer, it also provides us with hope for the future and the possibility of more effective treatments for cancer.
Source: https://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/causes-prevention/genetics/genetic-changes-infographic
Additional Link: https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/cancer
Tags: #Cancer #DNA #Genetics #Mutations
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