During a recent study researchers found less overlap in the genetic hits for depression across ancestry groups than was expected. What was found was about 30% which is less overlap than previously found for other traits and diseases. This shows that it is even more important to study depression in diverse samples since some of the findings might be ancestry specific.
It is thought that many genes that were previously thought to be linked to the risk of depression might only affect depression risk in people of European origin. So, in order for genetic research to contribute to new drugs that can help people of all backgrounds it is extremely important that the genetic databases are diverse.
TPH2 (Tryptophan Hydroxylase) Is a rate limiting enzyme in brain serotonin synthesis. A new brain specific isoform of TPH2 has been discovered and has created new interests in the connection between serotonergic systems and depression.
When the first evidence of an association of variants in the TCHP2 gene and major depression was reported a functional polymorphism was found that results in about 80% loss of function in serotonin production when expressed in a cell system.
My Opionions:
In my opinion, this research highlights, both the progress and the challenges we face and understanding the genetics of depression. Well, it is encouraging to see that researchers are beginning to identify specific genes link to depression, it also shows the limitations of our current genetic databases. the fact that there is only a 30% overlap in genetic markers associated with depression across different ancestry groups is a strong reminder that we need much more diversity and genetic studies. Without inclusivity, we risk developing treatments that only work for certain populations which leaves others without effective options.
The recent discovery of a brain specific form of the TPH to enzyme also feels like a breakthrough. It is exciting to think that this could lead to more targeted antidepressants that specifically address serotonin related pathways in the brain on the other hand. This is also a reminder that genetics is just one part of an overly complex problem. Involves a mix of genetic, environmental, and psychological factors, and focusing on genetics may oversimplify the problem.
https://www.ucl.ac.uk/news/2024/jan/newly-identified-genes-depression-may-lead-new-treatments#:~:text=The%20research%2C%20published%20in%20Nature,participants%20of%20diverse%20ancestry%20groups.
https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3077049/#:~:text=The%20discovery%20of%20a%20new,in%20linkage%20studies%20of%20BPD.
This is a really cool finding! I never knew that some believed that genetic linkage to depression only applied to those of European descent. I wonder how that came about? Additionally, I like your insight at the end, where you mention that over focusing on biological causes of depression may not be the best solution to finding effective treatment to depression.
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