Down Syndrome Cells Show Signs of Premature Aging

 

Researchers have discovered that in Down syndrome, cells in the developing brain mimic traits of aging, a condition called senescence. This discovery could help explain some of the developmental challenges caused by Down syndrome and lead to new treatments. Down syndrome happens when there’s an extra copy of chromosome 21, which disrupts how the genome is organized and affects how genes work. MIT scientists found that an extra chromosome in early brain cells makes their DNA fold inward. This disruption leads to problems in how genes are transcribed and how the cells function, similar to what happens in aged cells.

To test if these aging-like effects could be reversed, the researchers used anti-senescence drugs on cell cultures. The drugs improved gene activity and helped the cells grow and move more effectively. However, these drugs aren’t safe for widespread use due to significant side effects. Still, this study suggests it might be possible to develop safer treatments in the future.

The findings also connect to why people with Down syndrome are at higher risk for early-onset Alzheimer’s disease. While genes on chromosome 21 play a role, the senescence-like behavior of brain cells may speed up the disease’s development. This research highlights how studying genome-wide changes in Down syndrome could lead to new ways of understanding and addressing its effects, potentially improving the lives of those with the condition.

Reference: https://news.mit.edu/2022/down-syndrome-cells-genome-wide-disruptions-mimic-senescence-0110 

Reference 2: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37236373/