From Gene to Protein: Control Is Mainly in the Cytoplasm, Not Cell Nucleus

Proteins play an important role in the body of all animals and plants and “genes are blueprints for proteins,” (Helmholtz Association of German Research Centres). The scientists of Max Delbruck Center for Molecular Medicine (MDC) Berlin-Buch of the Helmholts Association found that cytoplasm of the cell control the formation of protein, not the “‘high –security tract’ of the cell nucleus”( Helmholtz Association of German Research Centres). Protein factories of the cell are found in the ribosomes of the cytoplasm. The genes in the cell nucleus have the blueprint for proteins and messenger RNA carry the blueprint of protein to the protein factories in the ribosomes through translation which determines the regulation of cellular protein levels. By using the quantitative mass spectrometry and the sequencing techniques, MDC researchers measured the process of cellular messenger RNA and proteins and messenger RNA and protein levels (Helmholtz Association of German Research Centres).



Their results showed that the regulation of cellular protein levels mainly depend on the translation of messenger RNA in the ribosomes and quantity of protein production is dependent on ribosomes. The genes which uphold normal operational work have stable messenger RNA and proteins whereas proteins involved in rapid signaling are unstable. So the rapid changes in the surrounding environment can affect the protein regulation of the cells and this is the reason of having control of protein in the cytoplasm not the cell nucleus. Scientists say that the presence of protein factories in the cytoplasm is helpful to understand the presence of diseases.