Sunday, November 20, 2011

Human Leukocyte Antigen Locus: A Missing Link Towards A Cure For Cancer

A recent study led by Dr. Liu Jianjun, the Associate Director of Human Genetics at the Genome Institute of Singapore, and Professor Yi-Xin Zeng of Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, provided a massive amount of relatively conclusive evidence of the connection between the human leukocyte antigen (HLA) gene and throat cancer in southern Chinese patients. The specific throat cancer under study is nasal pharyngeal carcinoma (NPC). This condition is very common among the southern chinese population (25% more common than the world population). The study included 5,000 patients and 5,000 controls, which is far more than the previous data compiled to date. All data prior to this research was taken from random and spotty cases. The results showed that genetic variation on the HLA gene leads to an increased risk of NPC.

The HLA super locus located on Chromosome 6, is responsible for many genes related to the function of the immune system. The conclusive evidence provided by this study will help to confidently lead future researchers to pick apart the HLA to possibly define a link between throat cancer and other cancers throughout the body. The HLA locus is believed to be involved in the development of leukemia. The data provided by this study may lead to hypotheses linking the mechanism of development between both types of cancers.

The problem that lies ahead for future researchers is to be able to identify the exact position on the HLA locus that is responsible for the genetic associations. Following that, it is important to observe whether or not presence on both chromosomes (recessive homozygosity) is necessary for genetic change.

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