CRISPR/Cas systems are “gene scissors” in the genome editing
of organisms, such as plants, animals, and microorganisms. The gene scissors
target regions of the DNA and correct any genetic defects. Scientist, Juliana
Behler, and her team, along with Dr. Wolfgang Hess identified an enzyme
involving the CRISPR/Cas systems. This enzyme is a special pair of RNA scissors
that controls CRISPR/Cas systems and gene expression by reading genes and
translating their information into proteins. There are different enzymes for
different organisms.
CRISPR/Cas systems are found in bacteria. These systems have
their own immune system, which they are able to protect themselves from viral
intruders. Their RNA molecule must be cut into smaller pieces in order to
protect themselves. The enzyme allows for the RNA to be cut. CRISPR/Cas9
systems are an exception, for its host enzyme RNAase III acts as the RNA
scissors and allows the RNA molecule to be cut and defend itself from viral
intruders.
This technique of “gene scissors” and enzymes can be used at
greater standards in other systems.
For more information, refer to the original article.
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